Awareness

South Africa is traditionally regarded as a relatively natural disaster-free zone, yet extreme weather conditions, such as floods, can be quite common. When disaster strikes and paramedics have to navigate unforgiving weather conditions, situational awareness, training and adaptation kick in so they can continue to save lives.

Extreme weather conditions vary across provinces, but floods have occurred multiple times in provinces such as KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng. Floodwaters are among the most challenging environments in which to provide emergency services. Willem Rossouw, Branch Operations Manager for ER24 in Durban, details how floods impact their ability to reach patients as fast as possible. 

"Floodwaters can submerge roads and bridges, forcing detours and delaying ambulance response times, especially when evacuations cause heavy traffic congestion. Standard ambulances often can’t handle deep water or rough terrain, requiring specialised rescue vehicles. On top of that, damaged cell towers and power lines can disrupt communication, making coordination even harder. And with severe weather, emergency call volumes often surge, stretching already limited resources to the brink."

These are some of the most common types of extreme weather and rescue situations we experience in South Africa:

  • Flooding and heavy rains
    Flash floods, especially in Durban and low-lying areas, often submerge roads, bridges, and homes. Rescue teams evacuate people from rooftops, vehicles, and informal settlements.
  • Tornadoes and strong winds
    Though rare, tornadoes occur in areas like New Hanover and Tongaat. Strong winds damage roofs, uproot trees, and down power lines.
  • Sea and river rescues
    Storms and overflowing rivers can sweep people away. Paramedics work with SAPS and NSRI to rescue drowning victims and respond to boating, fishing, and swift-water accidents.

The weight of surviving these conditions can be heavy on the patients and can take its toll mentally and physically. Paramedics are the first people to witness the level of trauma a natural disaster can cause, and they keep this in mind when treating patients.

The devastating impact and scale of extreme weather on infrastructure, such as roads and property, also create a range of issues. “The demand for emergency services often far exceeds the number of teams available, which creates a considerable challenge. Paramedic teams feel the pressure of trying to be in multiple places at once,” says Willem. However, various rescue services and organisations come together to help in large-scale disasters.

Whether you live in an area prone to extreme weather conditions or simply want to be prepared, here are some expert tips to help you stay safe:

  • Heed evacuation warnings: If authorities warn you to evacuate before a storm hits, do it early—rescue teams may not be able to reach you later. Sometimes the best rescue is the one you avoid needing in the first place.
  • Create an Emergency “Stay Bag”: If you live in an at-risk area, have a small emergency kit ready, filled with water, snacks, a whistle, a phone charger or power bank, a basic first aid kit, and an ID or emergency contact information.
  • Save your phone battery: Send a quick message with your location to friends or family. Then, turn on low power mode and only occasionally check for updates.
  • Stay calm and assess your surroundings: Panicking can lead to poor decisions. Focus on what’s around you—what’s dangerous, what’s safe, and what can protect you.
  • Seek higher ground (in floods): Get to the highest safe place nearby—upstairs, a sturdy rooftop, or even a nearby hill. Avoid storm drains, rivers, or bridges—they can collapse or become deadly traps.
  • Use light, sound, or bright colours to signal for help: If trapped, try to make yourself visible. A mirror, flashlight, whistle, or even bright clothing can help rescuers spot you when they arrive.